Views: 1 Author: 菌物健康 Publish Time: 2022-09-28 Origin: [1]王梦晨, 张雪涟, 陈向东,等. 灵芝三萜与灵芝多糖抗肿瘤作用及其机制研究进展[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2022(028-005). [2] Liu R M , Li Y B , Liang X F , et al. Structurally related ganoderic acids induce apoptosis in human cervical cancer He
With the in-depth research on Ganoderma lucidum, a variety of effective components have been isolated, including triterpenes, polysaccharides, nucleosides, steroids, fatty acids, alkaloids, proteins, polypeptides, amino acids and inorganic elements, etc., which are used in the prevention and treatment of diseases. It plays an important role in anti-tumor, immune regulation, liver protection, hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-pigmentation, heart protection, anti-androgen, improving physical weakness, and anti-atherosclerosis. It has been verified; it can also prevent and treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases by regulating blood pressure, blood lipids and blood sugar.
The tetracyclic triterpenes and pentacyclic triterpenes in Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes can enhance the body's anti-tumor immunity, and can kill tumor cells alone or in combination when they stop dividing. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides are composed of a variety of monosaccharides, including glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, rhamnose, etc., and can be separated by paper chromatography. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide can kill immune cells in the early stage of tumorigenesis, or improve the formation ability of platelet fibrin to wrap the early tumor mass and make it dormant for a long time.
In recent years, studies have confirmed that Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides can inhibit liver cancer, lung cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer and other malignant tumors. Today, let's take a look at its mechanism of action against cervical cancer.
LIU et al. determined the effects of 4 kinds of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes on the viability of human cervical cancer cells, and evaluated the changes in the nuclear morphology of cervical cancer cells. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate apoptosis, measure mitochondrial potential, and measure cysteine aspartate. Activity of proteolytic enzymes Caspase-3 and Caspase-9, and activity detection of intracellular reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase.
The results showed that Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes can induce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species by inhibiting the levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species may lead to the oxidation of lipids and proteins, making the Oxidative damage to DNA and disruption of mitochondrial integrity, prompting apoptosis. Thus, reactive oxygen species changed the cellular antioxidant balance, indicating that antioxidant defense was involved in the cell damage caused by Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes.
14-3-3 protein can regulate mitochondrial production, regulate cell cycle and induce apoptosis. Through molecular docking analysis, YUE et al. concluded that Ganoderma D can bind to six isoforms of the 14-3-3 protein family, annexin A5 and aminopeptidase B. In addition, Ganoderma D can also reduce peroxide-reductin, a regulator of intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, thereby increasing the reactive oxygen species levels in cervical cancer cells, thereby achieving anti-cervical cancer effects. This is basically consistent with the results obtained by LIU et al. using four kinds of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes on cervical cancer cells.
KONG et al. established a mouse model of cervical cancer and divided the mice into 4 groups. They were treated with sterile saline, cyclophosphamide, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, and enzymatic hydrolysis of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide. Thymus, spleen and tumor tissue samples were collected 14 days later. and weighed to calculate the tumor inhibition ratio. In this study, the authors found that Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides can protect immune organs, improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes to inhibit tumor growth, and have strong anti-tumor activity and less adverse effects, while cyclophosphamide showed severe adverse effects on immune organs. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide may inhibit tumor development by increasing the expression of Bax and activated Caspase-3 (cleaved Caspase-3), and reducing the expression of Bcl-2 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). It can be seen that Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide can promote tumor cell apoptosis by regulating the expression of genes related to apoptosis.
Jin et al measured the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) and Janus kinase (JAK) and their phosphorylation levels in human cervical cancer cells. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides were found to significantly reduce the levels of phosphorylated STAT5 and JAK, while the expressions of STAT5 and JAK in cervical cancer cells were basically unchanged. It can be seen that Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide inhibits the JAK/STAT5 signaling pathway of cervical cancer cells, reduces the viability of cervical cancer cells, and induces cervical cancer cell apoptosis.
